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Kanazawa University research: High speed atomic force microscopy studies provide insights into influenza A viral replication

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KANAZAWA, Japan, July 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — Researchers at Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, IMDEA Nanoscience (Madrid, Spain) and CNB-CSIC (Madrid, Spain) report in ACS Nano experiments that reveal a cycle of conformational stages that recombinant Influenza A genomes pass through during RNA synthesis.

Influenza A is a global health risk responsible for local epidemics and deadly pandemics. As such, the mechanism by which the virus replicates itself has attracted significant interest. Researchers led by Shingo Fukuda at Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) at Kanazawa University in Japan, Jaime Martin-Benito at CNB-CSIC and Borja Ibarra  at IMDEA Nanociencia in Spain, used high-speed atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy to pin down the conformational dynamics of recombinant viral genomes (or rRNPs) during RNA synthesis.
Previous attempts to understand what possible conformational changes occur during Influenza A viral multiplication cycle had been hindered by what the researchers describe as the “bulky double-helical structure” of the viral RNPs (vRNP, Fig.1 A), which made it hard to see what was going on. As a result the researchers produced a circular recombinant ribonucleoprotein complex (rRNP) (Fig.1 B), which allowed them to overcome the ‘bulky issue’. The authors used HS-AFM to follow conformational changes of individual rRNP complexes in real-time during active RNA synthesis (Fig.1 C).
Their work provides first direct experimental evidence showing that individual rRNPs can be recycled for multiple transcription and replication cycles. This is a key feature for viral multiplication. In addition, their study highlights how factors that affect the stability of the secondary structures of the nascent RNA affect the rate of RNA synthesis.
The authors concluded that the approach is useful for investigating viral transcription and replication mechanisms. “Transcriptional pausing is an intrinsic property of most RNA polymerases, and its regulation constitutes one of the central mechanisms of control of gene expression,” they add. “Future single-molecule experiments of real-time RNA synthesis kinetics by the IAV RdRp [influenza A virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase] within the context of the RNP will help to elucidate the nature of putative pause states and their roles in viral transcription and replication.”
Figure
https://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/Figure-1-2.jpg
Caption : Fig.1 (A, B) HS-AFM images of vRNP (A) and rRNP (B). (C) Successive HS-AFM images of rRNP during RNA synthesis. © 2024 Carlero, et al. Published by American Chemical Society
Glossary
RNA synthesis
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymer and a nucleic acid. Its replication is catalyzed by an enzyme known as RNA polymerase. The synthesis only proceeds in the presence of the nucleotide and proteins required to build up the RNA molecule.
Although RNA synthesis can use DNA as the synthesis template, a number of viruses replicate with RNA as the template. The enzyme that catalyzes this type of synthesis is known as RNA dependent RNA polymerase.
Recombinant ribonucleic proteins
Recombinant ribonucleoproteins are useful for ways of studying RNA processes. In this instance the authors used a recombinant ribonucleoprotein made up of the same protein components but just 352 nucleotides long, where the RNA segment used had been shown to avoid supercoiling.
High-speed atomic force microscopy
This imaging technique uses a nanosized tip at the end of a cantilever that is scanned over a sample. It can be used to determine the topography of a sample surface from the change in the strength of forces between the tip and the sample with distance, and the resulting deflection of the cantilever. It was first developed in the 1980s but a number of modifications have augmented the functionality of the technique since. It is better suited to imaging biological samples than the scanning tunneling microscope that had been developed because it does not require a conducting sample.
In the 2000s Toshio Ando at Kanazawa University was able to improve the scanning speed to such an extent that moving images could be captured. This allowed people to use the technique to visualize molecular processes for the first time.
Reference
Diego Carlero, Shingo Fukuda, Rebeca Bocanegra, Toshio Ando, Jaime Martin-Benito, and Borja Ibarra Conformational Dynamics of Influenza A Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes during RNA Synthesis ACS Nano 2024.
DOI：10.1021/acsnano.4c01362
URL: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.4c01362
Funding acknowledgements
This work was supported by the NanoLSI Visiting Fellows Program 2019 (to B.I.), the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT (Japan), and grants PGC2018-099341-B-I00 (to B.I.), PID2021-126755NB-I00 (to B.I.), and PID2020-117752RB-I00 (to J.M.B.) financed by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE,  Grant TED2021-132748B-I00 financed by the European Union “NextGeneration EU”/PRTR (to J.M.B.), and Grant No. 20K15140 financed by JSPS KAKENHI (to S.F.). IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (CEX2020-001039-S).
Contact
Hiroe Yoneda (Ms)Senior Specialist in Project Planning and OutreachNanoLSI Administration Office, Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanEmail: [email protected] Tel: +81 (76) 234-4555
About Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University
Understanding nanoscale mechanisms of life phenomena by exploring “uncharted nano-realms”
Cells are the basic units of almost all life forms. We are developing nanoprobe technologies that allow direct imaging, analysis, and manipulation of the behavior and dynamics of important macromolecules in living organisms, such as proteins and nucleic acids, at the surface and interior of cells. We aim at acquiring a fundamental understanding of the various life phenomena at the nanoscale.
https://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/
About the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI)
The WPI program was launched in 2007 by Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) to foster globally visible research centers boasting the highest standards and outstanding research environments. Numbering more than a dozen and operating at institutions throughout the country, these centers are given a high degree of autonomy, allowing them to engage in innovative modes of management and research. The program is administered by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
See the latest research news from the centers at the WPI News Portal: https://www.eurekalert.org/newsportal/WPI
Main WPI program site: 
www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-toplevel
About Kanazawa University
As the leading comprehensive university on the Sea of Japan coast, Kanazawa University has contributed greatly to higher education and academic research in Japan since it was founded in 1949. The University has three colleges and 17 schools offering courses in subjects that include medicine, computer engineering, and humanities.
The University is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in Kanazawa – a city rich in history and culture. The city of Kanazawa has a highly respected intellectual profile since the time of the fiefdom (1598-1867). Kanazawa University is divided into two main campuses: Kakuma and Takaramachi for its approximately 10,200 students including 600 from overseas.
http://www.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/

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Artificial Intelligence

GEEKOM releases a perfect mini PCs with dual 2.5Gbps Ethernet ports – GEEKOM GT1 MEGA

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September 20, 2024

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TAIPEI, Sept. 20, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — GEEKOM, a Taiwanese tech company also known as the Green Mini PC Global Leader, recently released a strong lineup of flagship mini PCs with Intel Core Ultra processors and dual Ethernet ports, making it possible for users to enjoy impeccable performance and superb networking functionalities at the same time.

One of these mini PCs is the GEEKOM GT1 Mega, which employs a beautiful aluminum chassis with plenty of I/O, including two full-function 40Gbps USB4 Type-C, six USB Type-A, 2 HDMI2.0, a 3.5mm audio jack, an SD card reader and dual Ethernet ports. The two Ethernet jacks are both of 2.5Gbps standard, which not only delivers high-speed and reliable internet connection for people’s daily computing chores, but also enables the mini PC to serve more sophisticated networking functionalities as a soft router, a virtual machines, a hardware firewall, or even a home server. Besides, dual Ethernet ports can separate internal and external network connections, providing logical and physical separation of trusted and untrusted network traffic and keeping data safe from potential cyber-attacks.
The GT1 Mega is powered by Intel’s latest and smartest Core™ Ultra processor (up to CoreTM U9-185H) and dual-channel DDR5-5600MHz RAM. Thanks to the new CPU, GPU, and NPU three tier multi-processing architecture, the mini PC is ready to harness the superpowers of Artificial Intelligence. It is compatible with more than 500 AI models across 20+ categories and supports high-performance low-power processing in a wide range of computing scenarios, which include enhancing facial features and blurring the background during video calls, removing the vocals from songs to create karaoke tracks, and generating large-scale images based on texts or voice commands. Basically, the GT1 Mega allows users to finish tasks that used to take hours or even days through only a few keystrokes!
The GEEKOM GT1 Mega,is now available on GEEKOM’s official website.
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Lucinity Partners with Sift for Unified Fraud and AML Case Management

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September 19, 2024

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SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 19, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — Lucinity and Sift have announced a partnership, unifying fraud and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) into Lucinity’s integrated FinCrime compliance platform for case management, agent-enabled workflow automation, and Generative AI.

Sift is an AI-powered fraud platform securing digital trust for leading global businesses. Its Global Data Network analyzes more than 1 trillion events and identity signals per year to prevent fraud across the entire consumer journey. Lucinity and Sift formed this new partnership to address the challenges of fragmented fraud and AML systems, aiming to centralize and enhance financial crime investigations.
Sift’s AI-powered solution will now be integrated into Lucinity’s platform. This collaboration enhances Lucinity’s ability to provide a seamless and efficient compliance solution. It allows teams to review and manage fraud alerts more effectively through Lucinity’s unified Case Management system, thanks to the native integration between the systems. Key benefits to Lucinity’s users include:
Real-Time Fraud Screening: Payments are screened for potential fraud in real time, utilizing Sift’s fraud detection capabilities.Automatic Payment Holds: Payments suspected of fraud are temporarily held, ensuring verification before processing.Streamlined Reviews: Compliance teams can conduct thorough reviews of flagged payments within Lucinity’s Case Management solution.Risk Level Adjustments: Fraud detection parameters can be customized to adjust sensitivity levels, adapting to emerging fraud trends and risk appetites.This partnership also enables users to leverage Lucinity’s Generative AI capabilities through the Luci copilot to investigate fraud cases more efficiently.
Udi Nessimyan, President and Chief Revenue Officer of Lucinity, comments, “One of the greatest challenges in fighting financial crime is fragmented systems and data. Our partnership with Sift helps address this challenge by providing a centralized platform for various case types, including AML, fraud, sanctions, and ad hoc cases. Our collaboration significantly enhances the productivity of investigation teams, reducing the time spent on cases from hours to minutes.”
Sift’s Chief Marketing Officer, Armen Najarian, emphasizes the collaborative effort to enhance financial crime prevention, stating, “Cybercriminals are increasingly leveraging AI to bypass traditional anti-money laundering and fraud controls, creating sophisticated and dynamic threats. To combat these evolving risks, companies must adopt a ‘fight fire with fire’ approach by leveraging AI-powered solutions. Through Sift’s partnership with Lucinity, businesses can stay ahead of fraudsters, ensuring robust protection against abuse and enabling fearless growth.”
About Sift: https://sift.com About Lucinity: https://lucinity.com
Media contact:Celina [email protected] +354 792 4321

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Employee Background Check Software Market Size to Grow USD 828.8 Million by 2030 at a CAGR of 4.9% | Valuates Reports

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September 19, 2024

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BANGALORE, India, Sept. 19, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — Employee Background Check Software Market is Segmented by Type (Cloud-Based, On Premises), by Application (SMEs, Large Enterprises): Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2024-2030.

The Global Employee Background Check Software Market was valued at USD 587 Million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach USD 828.8 Million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 4.9% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
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Major Factors Driving the Growth of Employee Background Check Software Market:
The employee background check software market is growing due to increasing demands for secure hiring processes and regulatory compliance, especially in industries such as finance, healthcare, and IT. As companies look to reduce risks associated with fraud, legal liabilities, and workplace safety, background checks are becoming a critical part of recruitment processes. The rise of remote work has further accelerated the need for digital solutions. However, challenges include concerns over data privacy and varying legal frameworks across regions, which may slow adoption in some areas.
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TRENDS INFLUENCING THE GROWTH OF THE GLOBAL EMPLOYEE BACKGROUND CHECK SOFTWARE MARKET:
Cloud-based background check software is gaining traction due to its scalability, remote access, and cost-effectiveness. With cloud-based systems, businesses can streamline their hiring processes, particularly when operating across multiple locations. The ability to access data and conduct checks in real-time is highly valuable for organizations managing large workforces or remote employees. The flexibility and lower upfront investment of cloud-based solutions make them popular among businesses seeking efficient and adaptable systems for their recruitment processes.
On-premises solutions remain important for organizations with strict security and data control requirements, such as those in government, defense, or finance. These companies often need complete ownership of their data, which on-premises software offers, reducing the risk of external breaches. Although it requires significant upfront investment and maintenance, on-premises software provides a high level of customization and security. It’s especially useful for businesses dealing with sensitive information and industries where compliance with local data protection laws is critical.
Large enterprises, particularly those operating in regulated industries like banking and healthcare, are the major adopters of employee background check software. These organizations deal with large volumes of hires, making streamlined background checks essential for compliance and operational efficiency. The ability to integrate background check systems with existing HR tools, such as applicant tracking systems, allows large companies to manage their recruitment processes more effectively. The need for comprehensive and accurate background checks is crucial for mitigating risk and ensuring legal compliance.
The rise in remote working has increased the demand for background check software that allows companies to vet employees regardless of their location. Digital background checks, particularly cloud-based ones, make it easier for organizations to screen remote workers efficiently. This trend is expected to continue as more companies adopt hybrid or fully remote work models, where geographical barriers no longer restrict talent acquisition but require thorough and remote-friendly verification processes.
As regulatory frameworks for employment practices become more stringent globally, businesses are increasingly relying on background check software to ensure compliance. Laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) in the U.S. have made it mandatory for companies to conduct background checks within specific legal parameters. This has led to increased demand for software solutions that can automate these processes while maintaining compliance with regional and international laws.
A major trend in the employee background check software market is the integration of these solutions with human resources management systems (HRMS). Integrating background checks with HR software streamlines the hiring process by consolidating background checks, employee records, and onboarding into one system. This improves operational efficiency for businesses, particularly large enterprises that handle significant recruitment volumes. Integration with HRMS allows for real-time updates, making background screening an even more integral part of the hiring process.
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EMPLOYEE BACKGROUND CHECK SOFTWARE MARKET SHARE
North America dominates the market due to stringent employment regulations and widespread adoption across industries. Europe is another key region, driven by GDPR compliance and demand in finance and healthcare. The Asia-Pacific region is experiencing rapid growth due to increasing awareness of the importance of background checks, especially in countries like China and India, where digital hiring platforms are becoming more popular. The market is also expanding in the Middle East and Africa as businesses prioritize secure hiring practices.
Key Companies:
HireRightGoodHireCheckrSterlingHireologyINTELIFIGood EggPeopleG2VitayCertnGlobal HR ResearchVeritable ScreeningXrefZincPaycomADPVICTIGIntelliCorp (Cisive)SpringVerifyAsurintUniversalAssureHireVerified FirstHireSafePurchase Chapters: https://reports.valuates.com/request/chaptercost/QYRE-Auto-2A10579/Global_Employee_Background_Check_Software 
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DISCOVER MORE INSIGHTS: EXPLORE SIMILAR REPORTS!
–  Employer of Record Services market was valued at USD 128.2 Million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach USD 196 Million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 6.8% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
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–  Employee Productivity Tracking Software market is projected to reach USD 311.8 Million in 2029, increasing from USD 219 Million in 2022, with the CAGR of 5.2% during the period of 2023 to 2029.
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