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Kanazawa University research: Genetic switches in tumor development

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KANAZAWA, Japan, Nov. 9, 2023 /PRNewswire/ — Researchers at Kanazawa University report in Cancer Research how Kras and p53 mutations influence the tumor suppressor and promoter functions of a TGF- ß pathway.  The findings may lead to a new approach for colorectal cancer therapy.

Both the progression and the suppression of tumors are governed by biomolecular processes.  Often, a particular process is involved in either cancer progression or suppression.  Cancer treatment in the form of drugs then typically focuses on the respective deactivation or activation of the relevant biomolecular process.  However, it has been established that a process known as transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) signaling plays a role in both tumor suppression and progression.  Now, Masanobu Oshima from Kanazawa University and colleagues have studied the precise genetic conditions underlying the outcome of TGF-ß signaling.  Their findings may help the development of new therapeutic strategies for particular cancers.
The suppressive effect of TGF-ß signaling happens through the stimulation of cell differentiation — the process through which dividing cells acquire their type or function.  The malignant progression of cancers, on the other hand, comes from a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which an epithelial cell transforms into a mesenchymal cell type.  The former is a ‘stationary’ type of cell, found in epithelial tissue, whereas the latter is a more ‘migratory’ type of cell found in development and cancer.
Oshima and colleagues performed experiments with tumor-derived organoids.  They confirmed that TGF-ß family cytokine, activin plays a role in tumor suppression and progression dependent on the mutation types of driver genes.  In certain cancer cells treated with activin, the researchers noted that the partial EMT is induced with tumor aggressiveness and development.  On the other hand, certain mutated activin receptors were found to have cancer suppressor capabilities, which made the scientists conclude that genetic alterations underlie the dual function of activins.
One of the two relevant genes is Kras which relays signals that regulate cell growth, division and differentiation.  Oshima and colleagues found that a mutation of Kras blocks TGF-ß/activin-induced growth suppression.  The other gene is known as Trp53, which encodes tumor protein 53, playing an important role in cancer regulation.  A combination of Kras and Trp53 mutations at hot spots, known as gain-of-function mutation, was found to not just block tumor suppression but promote partial EMT and tumor proliferation.
The experiments were done with mouse intestinal tumor-derived organoids with defined genetic backgrounds, which makes the results relevant for therapeutic strategies for human colorectal cancer.  Quoting the scientists: “Based on these results, the control of TGF- ß/activin signaling appears to be an important preventive and therapeutic strategy against the malignant progression of colorectal cancer carrying […] mutations”.
Background
Transforming growth factor beta signaling
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a protein of the cytokine type. Cytokines are small proteins that play crucial roles in controlling the growth and activity of blood cells and immune system cells. TGF-β is a signaling cytokine, meaning that it participates in cell signaling mechanisms — a cell’s ability to receive, transmit and process signals with its environment.
Because of its involvement in immune and stem cell regulation and differentiation, TGF-β is intensively researched in the fields of infectious diseases, auto-immune diseases, development, and cancer.
Regarding the latter, it is known that TGF-ß signaling can lead to both tumor progression and tumor suppression, but what exactly drives one or the other is not understood at present.
Masanobu Oshima from Kanazawa University and colleagues have now studied TGF-ß signaling in colorectal cancer mouse models and found that genetic alterations lie at the basis of the dual function of TGF-ß — a finding that may lead to new therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer.
https://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/ga-wang-cancer-res-2023.png
Fig 1 caption: Effects of gene mutations on tumor development.
Reference
Dong Wang, Mizuho Nakayama, Chang Pyo Hong, Hiroko Oshima, and Masanobu Oshima.  Gain-of-function p53 mutation acts as a genetic switch for TGF-β signaling-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in intestinal tumors, October 18 2023.
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-1490
URL: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-1490
Contact
Hiroe YonedaSenior Specialist in Project Planning and OutreachNanoLSI Administrative OfficeWPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanEmail: [email protected]: +81 (76) 234-4555
About Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)
https://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/
Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University is a research center established in 2017 as part of the World Premier International Research Center Initiative of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The objective of this initiative is to form world-tier research centers. NanoLSI combines the foremost knowledge of bio-scanning probe microscopy to establish ‘nano-endoscopic techniques’ to directly image, analyze, and manipulate biomolecules for insights into mechanisms governing life phenomena such as diseases.
About Kanazawa University
http://www.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/e/
As the leading comprehensive university on the Sea of Japan coast, Kanazawa University has contributed greatly to higher education and academic research in Japan since it was founded in 1949. The University has three colleges and 17 schools offering courses in subjects that include medicine, computer engineering, and humanities.
The University is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in Kanazawa – a city rich in history and culture. The city of Kanazawa has a highly respected intellectual profile since the time of the fiefdom (1598-1867). Kanazawa University is divided into two main campuses: Kakuma and Takaramachi for its approximately 10,200 students including 600 from overseas.

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Global AI Summit Calls for Global Action to Guarantee AI Innovation is for the “Good of Humanity”

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33 mins ago

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September 14, 2024

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RIYADH, Saudi Arabia, Sept. 14, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — The Global AI Summit (GAIN) in Riyadh concluded on a high, after the summit welcomed more than 30,000 delegates from across the globe over three days. The live stream of the summit, organized by the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA), received 3.7m views.

Building on the success of previous editions, GAIN 2024 featured more than 450 speakers from 100 countries, participating in 150 sessions. It also witnessed over 25 launches and announcements, and facilitated the signing of over 80 agreements and Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs).
The summit has grown exponentially since its inception in 2020. Its growing prominence reflects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s role in advancing AI capabilities as it positions itself as a global leader in this space.
The key output from the summit was the need for governments and policy makers to take global action to ensure that AI technology evolves for the good of humanity. Central to responsible evolution is an ethical framework and robust governance.
To support the advancement of AI ethics and governance, SDAIA announced the Riyadh Charter of Artificial Intelligence for the Islamic World in collaboration with the Islamic World Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (ICESCO). This promotes ethical AI grounded in Islamic values and principles, as well as sustainable development through international cooperation.
SDAIA has played a pivotal role in forging key collaborations to strengthen local and regional AI solutions, signing MoUs with Microsoft Arabia to develop Arabic language models, IBM for a Center of Excellence in Generative AI technologies, and NVIDIA to scale AI infrastructure across the Kingdom.
The summit also marked several major milestones. Alongside the unveiling of ALLaM, the world’s most advanced Arabic Language Model, other diverse initiatives such as the Global AI Community, the THAKAI Platform, and guidelines for addressing deepfake technology.
Furthermore, the launch of the Generative AI Center of Excellence by the Digital Cooperation Organization (DCO), the agreement to open an International Center for AI Research and Ethics (ICAIRE) as a UNESCO Category 2 Center, further underscored the impact of GAIN 2024.
The summit itself provided the platform for companies from all over the world to showcase the latest AI technologies and innovations, including AI generated avatars, AI generated artwork, and even Robotic bar staff serving beverages.
The summit closed with an inspirational speech from the Director of Saudi Arabia’s National Information Center, His Excellency Dr. Esam Alwagait, in which he thanked participants:
“Your candid perspectives have not only inspired us with the vision of what lies ahead, but have also grounded us in the realities we must face. Together, we have not only imagined the future of AI, but have also made it real by addressing the challenges and identifying the enablers needed to truly unlock its potential.”
He added:
“It has been incredibly inspiring to see the world come together here in Riyadh, united by momentum to make AI work for everyone. The commitment to collaborative action has been evident throughout the summit.” 
The success of GAIN 2024 ensures that the Kingdom’s AI infrastructure will be significantly strengthened and has cemented Saudi Arabia position at the center of global AI.
[email protected]
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Akuvox S567G Smart Indoor Monitor Has Received Google Mobile Service Certification

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13 hours ago

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September 14, 2024

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XIAMEN, China, Sept. 13, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — Akuvox has announced its S567G, an indoor monitor powered by Android™, to have received Google GMS certification. This certification ensures full support for Google Services, allowing users to download and update apps directly from the Google Play Store, including smart home control apps. It also enhances system security, protecting against malware and unauthorized access.

GMS certification involves comprehensive testing and approval by Google or a designated 3PL lab, validating security and compatibility to ensure seamless integration within the Android ecosystem. Receiving GMS certification underscores Akuvox’s leadership in the smart intercom industry. Building on its legacy as the pioneer of Android smart intercoms, Akuvox continues to elevate its Android systems with Google’s rigorous certification, offering clients flexible and sophisticated smart intercom solutions. 
The S567G’s GMS certification ensures flawless operation with key Google apps like Chrome, Gmail, YouTube, Maps, and the Play Store. Edward Shi, Product Manager of the S567G, notes, “The positive feedback we’ve received from clients, even during testing, confirms that this device is transforming daily life. It’s more than just an intercom — it’s a versatile tool, even capable of functioning as a small TV. Our team has worked tirelessly to meet the highest standards, and I’m excited to see how it enhances smart living for our users.”
The S567G’s features extend beyond intercom functionality. With four HD speakers and a 1280 x 800 IPS LCD screen, it offers an exceptional audio-visual experience, redefining the concept of an indoor monitor. Whether for entertainment or smart home control, the S567G stands out as a versatile wall-mounted tablet, bringing innovation to every interaction.
About Akuvox
Akuvox is a global leading provider of smart intercom and smart home products and solutions. It is committed to unleashing the power of technology to improve people’s lives with better communication, greater security, and more convenience. Encompassing artificial intelligence, SIP, Android, cloud, security, and other advanced technologies, Akuvox continuously drives breakthrough changes in the industry and creatively delivers an unrivaled portfolio of smart intercom and smart home products and solutions. It has been deployed and used daily in more than 110 countries and regions, meeting customer needs in various vertical markets that range from residential to commercial, from healthcare to public safety.
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SeaBubbles Accelerates Sustainable Maritime Mobility with SmartBubble and Strategic Acquisition

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23 hours ago

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September 13, 2024

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SAINT JORIOZ, France, Sept. 13, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — SeaBubbles, French pioneer in zero-emission hydrofoils, strengthens its commitment to ecological transition with the launch of SmartBubble, new flying boat model combining cutting-edge technology with iconic design. This innovative vessel, designed to carry up to eight people at a speed of 16 knots (30 km/h), takes its passengers on a silent and environmentally friendly flight, ideal for water taxi services and urban transportation.

SmartBubble: Concentration of Technology and Design
Following the success of its first public line on Lake Annecy, where hundreds of passengers experienced the unique sensation of flying aboard The Bubble (4-seater model), SeaBubbles reaches a new milestone with the homologation of the SmartBubble (8-seater model) and its four patents, including retractable foils.
SmartBubble technology is geared towards energy efficiency. The submerged wings (foils) equipped with automatic flaps allow to fly at low speeds, saving 40% of energy required. This unique boat has just been presented afloat for the first time at the Cannes Yachting Festival.
SeaBubbles Strengthens Flight Control Expertise with Neocean Acquisition
SeaBubbles also announces the acquisition of Neocean technology, to accelerate the development of flight control expertise, specifically on “inverted T” foils. Neocean is renowned for developing the Overboat, foiling catamaran with proven stability and maneuverability.
SeaBubbles is a key player in hydrofoil navigation, technology that improves energy efficiency of boats, particularly electric ones. The flight control system is a central element of the flight experience: it is designed to ensure stable flight by dynamically and autonomously managing the mechanical inclination of the flaps on the trailing edges of the foils.
SeaBubbles: Vision for the Future
SeaBubbles’ ambition is to revolutionize urban and suburban maritime transport with more efficient and environmentally friendly boats. Examples such as the Calanques National Park, Norwegian fjords, alpine lakes or the canals of Amsterdam demonstrate a committed initiative towards the preservation of aquatic ecosystems by gradually banning the circulation of thermal boats.
“Foils significantly reduce the drag of our boats, allowing our hydrofoils to move more easily and with less energy than a conventional boat: a considerable gain in cost and energy,” explains Virginie Seurat, CEO of SeaBubbles. “The acquisition of Neocean marks a decisive turning point and prepares us for our industrialization phase. We are ready to redefine the pleasure of boating and offer boats that comply with increasingly stringent environmental standards, while offering unique sailing comfort – zero noise, zero waves, zero emissions.”
AxiCom for SeaBubbles, [email protected] 
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