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Artificial intelligence will help pick Nobel Prize for Physics winners

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Artificial intelligence (AI) will be used by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to help choose the 2024 winners of the Nobel Prize for Physics. According to the academy, AI will help it avoid biases that are inherent in selection processes involving human judges.
“There are currently 224 Nobel laureates, but only five are women,” says Anni-Frid Lyngstad, who is a fusion physicist and chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics 2024. “We have worked with computer scientists at Lund University to develop an AI system that can evaluate nominations in a way that eliminates much of the gender and other biases that can creep into the selection process.” She adds, “the winner takes it all, so we have to be certain that the selection process is free and fair”.
Quality nominations from AI
Lyngstad adds that the academy was inspired to use AI after reading last year’s nominations. “We noticed that some of the best nominations began with, ‘Certainly, here is a possible nomination for your prize’ and we realized that AI was very good at identifying the very best in physics”.
The AI system was developed in collaboration with Mats Sundin and colleagues at Lund University. The computer scientists trained their technology using publicly available information about nominations for the prize that were made more than 50 years ago.
“We found that our large language model picked nominees that were controversially overlooked for prizes,” says Sundin. For example, it suggested that Chien-Shiung Wu should have shared the 1957 Nobel Prize for Physics for her discovery of parity violation. It also suggested that Satyendra Nath Bose should have won the 1934 prize for his pioneering work on Bose–Einstein condensation.
Unusual picks
However, Sundin did concede that their system put out the occasional nonsensical winner. “It said that Pippi Longstocking should have won the 1953 prize for her work on super-strong materials, but we are confident that we have fixed that problem.”
Not everyone is convinced though. Agnetha Fältskog of the University of Borås points out that artificial intelligence is notorious for reinforcing biases in its training data. The mathematician adds, “The system was trained using nominations that were mostly made by white men, so I am very concerned and disappointed that the academy has chosen to use it.”
The 2024 selection process began earlier this year when AI was used to analyse the hundreds of nominations that were received by the 31 January deadline. It first created a shortlist of 20 potential laureates for further consideration. The large language model is now being used to write detailed reports about the shortlisted nominees. These reports will then be used by the committee to make its final decision, which will be announced on the first Tuesday of October.
Lyngstad is adamant that the final decision will be made by committee of human experts and not by a computer. “Certainly, here is a guarantee that AI will not pick the winners,” she told Physics World.
Source: physicsworld.com
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Sainsbury’s aims to be an ‘AI-enabled grocer’ with Microsoft AI technology

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Sainsbury’s, a prominent UK supermarket chain, is set to leverage Microsoft’s artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to elevate its store operations and provide customers with a more engaging and convenient shopping experience.
As part of its strategic initiative, the ‘Next Level Sainsbury’s strategy’, the supermarket will integrate generative AI, powered by Microsoft Azure, to enhance its online shopping platform and optimize customers’ search experience. By harnessing AI capabilities, Sainsbury’s aims to offer a more interactive and personalized online shopping journey for its millions of customers across the UK.
In addition to enhancing the online shopping experience, Sainsbury’s plans to equip its store colleagues with real-time data and insights to streamline in-store processes such as shelf replenishment. Leveraging multiple data inputs, including shelf-edge cameras, AI technology will guide colleagues on prioritizing restocking activities, thereby improving efficiency and productivity.
Over the next five years, Sainsbury’s will deploy Microsoft Azure to implement these initiatives, integrating data assets with Microsoft 365 collaboration tools to drive innovation and operational excellence.
Clodagh Moriarty, Chief Retail and Technology Officer at Sainsbury’s, expressed confidence in the collaboration with Microsoft, emphasizing its role in accelerating the supermarket’s ambition to become the UK’s leading AI-enabled grocer. Moriarty highlighted the strategic investment in transformative capabilities, aimed at enhancing efficiency, productivity, and customer service while delivering value to shareholders.
Clare Barclay, CEO of Microsoft UK, commended Sainsbury’s visionary approach, noting its commitment to placing AI at the forefront of its business strategy. Barclay expressed enthusiasm for the collaboration, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize the retail experience for both customers and store colleagues.
The partnership between Sainsbury’s and Microsoft signifies a significant step towards ushering in the next generation of retail, powered by innovative AI-driven solutions.
Source: technologyrecord.com
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Researchers build AI-driven sarcasm detector

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Artificial intelligence has made remarkable strides, from passing bar exams to reading bedtime stories with emotion. Yet, despite these feats, it still falls short of matching the intricate nuances of human communication—particularly, the art of sarcasm.
However, researchers in the Netherlands are determined to change that narrative. They have developed an AI-driven sarcasm detector that can discern when sarcasm is being used, a feat previously thought to be exclusive to human cognition.
Matt Coler, from the University of Groningen’s speech technology lab, expresses excitement about the project’s progress. He emphasizes the importance of understanding sarcasm, a pervasive aspect of human discourse, to facilitate seamless communication between humans and machines.
Recognizing sarcasm poses challenges due to its subtlety, especially in text-based interactions where cues like tone and facial expressions are absent. To overcome this, researchers trained their AI using a combination of text, audio, and emotional content from popular sitcoms like Friends and The Big Bang Theory.
The AI, trained on annotated data from these shows, demonstrated an impressive ability to detect sarcasm in unlabelled exchanges from the sitcoms, achieving an accuracy rate of nearly 75%. Further enhancements are underway, including incorporating visual cues like eyebrow movements and smirks, to improve accuracy even more.
Beyond enhancing interactions with AI assistants, this technology holds potential for detecting negative language and identifying instances of abuse or hate speech. However, as AI becomes more adept at understanding sarcasm, questions arise about its potential to wield sarcasm itself.
Coler muses about the implications of machines responding with sarcasm, raising concerns about clarity in communication. Nonetheless, advancements in AI-driven sarcasm detection offer promising prospects for improving human-machine interactions and bridging the gap between artificial and human intelligence.
Source: theguardian.com

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AI, bias and experiments: how Women in News is tackling tech’s inbuilt stereotypes

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Issues surrounding bias in AI are deeply rooted in the accuracy, trustworthiness, and quality of data, which, if overlooked, can significantly skew outcomes. Lyndsey Jones, an AI author and transformation coach, delves into these concerns, offering valuable insights for newsrooms on monitoring and reviewing data.
Madhumita Murgia, an AI journalist and the first artificial intelligence editor of the Financial Times, sheds light on how women, migrants, precarious workers, and minority groups are disproportionately affected by the technical limitations of Generative AI. Murgia emphasizes the lack of representation of these groups in the development process of AI technologies, highlighting the need for inclusive participation.
WAN-IFRA Women In News workshops on the Age of AI in the newsroom have brought bias effects to the forefront. Through the Digital ABCs training program, media professionals are equipped with skills to navigate the digital landscape and drive organizational change.
A newly launched module focuses on AI, with over 100 participants in eastern Europe taking part, now extended to journalists in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Instances of bias surfaced during the training, such as generating offensive avatars and misinterpretation of accents in AI tools.
Google CEO Sundar Pichai’s acknowledgment of biased AI tools reflects ongoing concerns in the industry. Timnet Gebru’s dismissal from Google for highlighting biases further underscores the need for vigilance in addressing these issues.
Diverse teams in WIN’s Age of AI program are experimenting with various tools like fact-checking and enhancing staff skill sets in AI usage. Projects under consideration for further EU funding include a video lab for content amplification and an AI avatar for journalist safety.
Media companies must ensure diverse staff collaboration when testing AI tools. Quotas for women in AI research and cross-border partnerships may be necessary for smaller media groups to compete effectively.
Journalists can take steps to improve content quality by examining storytelling practices and ensuring diversity in sources and representation. Consistency of data collection across departments and assessing biases in data sets are crucial for ethical AI usage in journalism. Ultimately, AI tools should be used to enhance journalism’s quality and integrity, rather than generating clickbait or misinformation.
Source: wan-ifra.org

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